Ruven

This plugin registers a custom post type for portfolio items and a taxonomy for portfolio types.
Selected themes by Ruven provide templates to display portfolio items. 
In other themes you most likely have to add them by yourself.

Ruven Themes: Portfolio

RT Portfolio enables a "Portfolio" post type and "Type" taxonomy.

ahmedshaikh

Project Portfolio adds a custom post type called “Projects” that allows users to create, manage, and display portfolios. It also includes: 
– Custom meta fields (description, client name, date, URL) 
– Admin dashboard for quick project overview 
– A frontend shortcode [project_portfolio] to display all projects
<h3>License</h3>
This plugin is licensed under the GPLv2 or later.

AS Project Portfolio

A simple plugin to add a custom post type for managing and displaying project portfolios with a shortcode and admin dashboard.

Ruven Themes: Portfolio vs AS Project Portfolio