Ruven

This plugin registers a custom post type for portfolio items and a taxonomy for portfolio types.
Selected themes by Ruven provide templates to display portfolio items. 
In other themes you most likely have to add them by yourself.

Ruven Themes: Portfolio

RT Portfolio enables a "Portfolio" post type and "Type" taxonomy.

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Erik Ford

With Portfolio Mgmt., you can bring the power of portfolio content management to your WordPress website. This plugin registers a custom post type developed specifically for organizing and displaying your portfolio posts. Portfolio Mgmt. will also register custom taxonomies for Services and Portfolio Tags, supports <code>post-thumbnails</code> and comes with a custom widget for displaying recent portfolio posts in your widget ready areas.
Please note that Portfolio Mgmt. will not alter the appearance of your theme when displaying portfolio posts or archives. If your currently active theme does not contain the following optional templates, the next available default template, in the WordPress template hierarchy, will be will be used.
<ul>
<li><code>single-wap8-portfolio.php</code> – This template should be used for customized single portfolio posts.</li>
<li><code>archive-wap8-portfolio.php</code> – This template should be used for customized portfolio archive view.</li>
<li><code>taxonomy-wap8-services.php</code> – This template should be used for customized Services taxonomy view.</li>
<li><code>taxonomy-wap8-portfolio-tags.php</code> – This template should be used for customized Portfolio Tags taxonomy view.</li>
</ul>
Please see the WordPress Codex for detailed information about template hierarchies at https://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Hierarchy.
For more information about installation and usage, please read this <a href="http://erikford.me/plugins/portfolio-mgmt-plugin/" rel="nofollow ugc">blog post</a>.

Portfolio Mgmt.

Add the power of portfolio content management to your WordPress website with Portfolio Mgmt.

Ruven Themes: Portfolio vs Portfolio Mgmt.