dmikam

This simple plugin permits you to upload images to categories, tags and custom taxonomies just like to posts. 
This feature is very useful when you want to show unique image in header tor every category or even some slideshow of images. 
Also you can show a list of categories/subcategories with a little thumbnail am much more.
By the way, this plugin just uses wordpress native functionality – no aditional tables and nothing like that. 
Also it uses wordpress images so all sizes are generated automatically (custom sizes included).

WP Category Images

Simple plugin that permits to images to Categories, Tags and Custom Taxonomies.

Amaury Balmer

WordPress 3.1 and up allow for reasonably simple custom taxonomy, this plugin makes it even simpler, removing the need for you to write any code.
Add support for taxonomy with or without hierarchical. Choose the selector type for write post.
Allow to add taxonomy to any objects registered on your installation. This plugin can be coupled with the plugin ACF to a new term meta database that allow to create on fly any field need for the taxonomy. For example, for a “Number” taxonomy, you can add fields : number ID, date of parution, screenshot, etc !
This plugin is developped on WordPress 3.5, with the constant WP_DEBUG to TRUE.
This plugin allows you to add taxonomy just by giving them a name and somes options in the backend. It then creates the taxonomy for you, takes care of the URL rewrites, provides a widget you can use to display a “taxonomy cloud” or a list of all the stuff in there, and it allows you to show the taxonomy contents at the end of posts and excerpts as well. 
To boot, it comes with a set of template tags for those who don’t mind adapting their own theme.
For full info go the <a href="https://github.com/herewithme/simple-taxonomy" rel="nofollow ugc">Simple Taxonomy</a> page.

Simple Taxonomy

WordPress 3.1 and up allow for reasonably simple custom taxonomy, this plugin makes it even simpler, removing the need for you to write any code.

WP Category Images vs Simple Taxonomy